A Life Of Sacrifice History Essay

A Life Of Sacrifice History Essay November 13, 2010 wasnt a special day to many people. But to about fifty million Burmese, it might be the turning point of their lives. On that day, a lady called Aung San Suu Kyi was released from detention. In front of her house, a crowd of her supporters gathered together to celebrate the release. The lady is the pro-democracy leader of Burma and has been detained for 15 of the past 21 years, most of it under house arrest. Define Moral courage Thesis statement. Aung San Suu Kyi was the only daughter of Aung San, the man considered to be the founder of modern Burma. Unfortunately, Suu Kyi was only two years old when her father was assassinated in 1948. She hardly remembered anything about this great man. But even though I never really knew him, she said, I was always told how much the Burmese people loved and revered him.' (The Lady) Aung San Suu Kyi spent a lot of time learning about her fathers philosophy and commitment to the cause of independence. This desire to understand her fathers feelings eventually translated into the belief that she had to finish the job that her father had begun. When Aung San Suu Kyi was fifteen years old, her mother Khin Kyi was appointed Burmese ambassador to India. As a result, Suu Kyi moved to India to accompany her mother. Upon arriving in India, Suu Kyi spent one year in a strict convent school. The following year she attended Delhi University, where she learned about political science. During the first few years when Suu Kyi lived in India, she explored the lessons of passive resistance of Mahatma Ghandi and Jawaharlal Nehru. When Suu Kyi was accepted at St. Hughs College at Oxford, she left Delhi University. As an undergraduate at St. Hughs in Oxford, Suu Kyi was remembered as very demure and genuinely innocent, yet with a strong sense of belonging to the Burmese elite. (The Lady 48). Two years after Suu Kyi received her degree, she left for New York. When Suu Kyi arrived in New York to stay with Ma Than E, the older woman had just started working at United Nations headquarters. At Ma Than Es suggestion, Suu Kyi decided to resume her studies at a later date and instead apply for a job at the United Nations. In March 1988, Suu Kyi received a call from a close family friend in Burma, informing Suu Kyi that her mother had suffered a severe stroke. Almost immediately, Suu Kyi began packing. I had a premonition, Michael wrote in the introduction to a collection of essays about his wife, that our lives would change forever. (Burmas Iron Aunty) The next morning Suu Kyi was on a plane heading to Burma. When Aung San Suu Ki arrived in Rangoon to care for her mother, General Ne Wins military socialist government had been in power for twenty-six years. During that time, Burma had gone from being one of the richest nations in Southeast Asia to one of the poorest, most isolated, and most corrupt countries in the world. Thousands of monks, students, and ordinary civilians took to the streets in protest against the government. For weeks, as Suu Kyi nursed her mother in the hospital, the violence intensified, with groups of young people marauding through the streets of Rangoon.(The lady 56) By June, the doctors announced that there was no hope that Suu Kyis mother would recover. Suu Kyi made the decision to take her mother home to University Avenue, where she could die peacefully in her own room. Aung San Suu Kyi has never claimed that when she came to Burma in 1988, it was to lead a pro-democracy movement. It wasnt as if the students were organized in definite political groups in 1988, Suu Kyi once explained. The democracy movement evolved out of general chaos that was everywhere in Burma. It was this climate of rebellion that caused many political groups to emerge, which eventually coalesced into a democracy movement. On August 8, 1988, a day known as the Four 8s, a nationwide strike was called and that included students, civilians, lawyers, doctors, monks and civil servants. Crowds surged into the streets for a pro-democracy demonstration. Sein Lwin responded by ordering troops to open fire. However, the demonstrations continued and the death toll mounted. As Suu Kyi nursed her dying mother, she was kept informed daily of the news and mourned those who lost their lives on the streets of Burmese cities. By then, rumors that Aung San Suu Kyi was in the country had already sp read. Many people believed that the presence of General Aung Sans daughter in Burma meant that more than fifty years of repression, civil unrest, and violence would finally end. All of a sudden, pictures of General Aung San became a prominent symbol of the pro-democracy movement. In response to the hundreds of thousands of people who continued to demonstrate throughout the countries, Aung San Suu Kyi wrote an open letter to the government proposing that a committee be formed for the sole purpose of leading the country toward multiparty elections. Within days, Suu Kyi became a public figure, speaking out for human-rights and liberal free-market economic system. On August 26, surrounded by her supporters, she spoke to a crowd estimated at half a million people. Her message was simple: nonviolence, human-rights, and democracy. For Burmese, Suu Kyi not only was a poignant reminder of the past, but a living symbol of hope for the future. (Body paragraphs continued, influence of Buddhism, In 1991, this once obscure Burmese woman, when she had been living in exile for more than two decades and had been under house arrest for three years, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. There was no better way for the pro-democracy movement in Burma to make the world aware of the political repression throughout the country than for Aung San Suu Kyi and to have won the Nobel Peace Prize. Yet, there were many people, especially within Daw Suu Kyis inner circle, who feared that winning the prize would make it even more difficult for Daw Suu Kyi and the SLORC to come to any compromise. As the eighth woman in history to win the peace prize, and the first to receive it while in captivity, Daw Suu Kyi became the focus of a variety of human-rights groups throughout the world, as well as the United States Department of State under the Clinton administration-which suddenly put the pro-democracy movement in Burma high on its international agenda. (The lady) Prior to the summer protests, there had been growing unease in the population regarding the economic distress of the country which has stagnant economic growth and is ranked among the 20 poorest countries in the world according to the United Nations.[9] Many, including the United Nations have blamed the economic problems on the leadership of the military junta and the proportion of national income spent on the armed forces. In late 2006, the cost of basic commodities began rising sharply in Burma with rice, eggs, and cooking oil increasing by 30-40%. According to the BBC, on 22 February 2007, a small group of individuals protested the current state of consumer prices in the country. While the protest was small and careful not to be seen as directed at the military junta, officials jailed nine of the protesters. The military junta detained eight people on Sunday, 22 April 2007 who took part in a rare demonstration in a Yangon suburb amid a growing military crackdown on protesters. A g roup of about ten protesters carrying placards and chanting slogans staged the protest Sunday morning in Yangons Thingangyun township, calling for lower prices and improved health, education and better utility services. The protest ended peacefully after about 70 minutes, but plainclothes police took away eight demonstrators as some 100 onlookers watched. On 15 August 2007 the government removed subsidies on fuel causing a rapid and unannounced increase in prices.[11] The government, which has a monopoly on fuel sales, raised prices from about $1.40 to $2.80 a gallon, and boosted the price of natural gas by about 500%.[9] This increase in fuel prices led to an increase in food prices. Soon afterwards, protesters took to the streets to protest the current conditions. These peaceful protests of September 2007 in Burma were not brought to any significant conclusion. The protests were not brought by opposition groups, or foreign governments. However, the Burmese lay people, and the monks were frustrated with the economic and political situation of the country. When the time came activists monks successfully brought together the people of Burma to protest. These protests gave sight to many young people to witness first-hand the brutality of an authoritarian government, thus making them realize the sacrifices the people had to make while fi ghting for political changes in Burma. Furthermore, the junta agreed to talk to the opposition because they want a win-win situation for all. The catch being that the opposition groups follow the rules of the government as of now. Despite all of the talks going on between groups, true democratic changes are still far from being obtained, making the political future of the country uncertain. On the evening of May 3, 2009, Yettaw swam a 2-kilometer (1.25-mile) distance across Lake Inya in Rangoon to the house where Aung San Suu Kyi was held under house arrest by Myanmar authorities. He asked Suu Kyi if he could stay at the house for a few days. She refused, and her caretakers threatened to turn him in to the authorities, but Suu Kyi agreed to let him stay on the ground floor after he began to complain about leg cramps. The Myanmar government requires all non-family overnight visitors to be registered and forbids overnight stays by foreigners. As a result of the 2009 visit, the authorities declared that Suu Kyi breached the conditions of her house arrest.[25] She was charged under the countrys Law Safeguarding the State from the Dangers of Subversive Elements, which carried a three-to-five-year jail term. (legacies and influences) One of the most difficult challenges that Aung San Suu Kyi faces is not only to bring democracy to Burma, but to achieve that goal without putting the people at risk. (her nonviolence philosophy) It is a difficult task since the Burmese people have been shut off from the rest of the world for decades, and do not believe democracy and freedom to be their inalienable rights. As a result, Daw Suu Kyis role lies somewhere between that of a politician who leads the people toward democracy, and a spiritual figure who encourages people to take their initiatives in riding the country of an oppressive regime. For the majority of the Burmese people, the most important sacrifice that Aung San Suu Kyi made for them was not giving in to the SLORCs demands during the six years that the military kept her under house arrest. The SLORC insists that at any time during those years. The lady always had the choice of safe passage out of Burma in a car to the airport and a free one-way ticket back to England where she had been living for the last two decades. For Suu Kyi, that was always an unacceptable alternative. It is also her credit that she refused a sign of courage and stamina that she remained steadfast in her commitment to bring democracy to her country of birth. (The lady) Since 1988, when Aung San Suu Kyi first became visibly involved in the struggle for democracy, the people have become even devoted and loyal to her, more committed to the cause of freedom in Burma, and more dependent on her to bring their plight to the worlds attention. If that were not the case, the NLD would have never survived-and grown-despite all the obstacles the government has put in its way since 1988. (Conclusion) Courage means to work for what you believe with perseverance and to be strong and to have good will. Its not courageous to use ones physical strength and to shout loudly, said Suu Kyi. It is undeniable that Aung San Suu Kyi demonstrated her moral courage. Her sense of responsibility helped Burmese achieve their final goal. Her own little step was a big step to democracy progress in Burmese Unplayed Piano.

Smallpox :: essays research papers

Smallpox   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Smallpox was a disease that was caused by a virus. The virus spread when an uninfected person came in direct contact with a sick person and breathed in the virus. Usually, the virus was in tiny drops that were coughed up by the sick person. After about two weeks the infected person would develop a high fever and muscle aches and pains. After about three days of fever the person would break out in a rash all over his or her body. At first it looked like red spots, but these spots gradually became blisters that were about the size of a pencil eraser. After about five days of rash, the fluid in the clear blisters turned to pus. The more pus spots that a person had, the more likely he or she was to die.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There were two main types of a smallpox virus. Variola major, which killed about 20 percent of the people who were infected and variola minor, which killed about 2 percent of its victims. If a person did not die, the pus gradually dried up to form scabs that dropped off after one or two weeks. The pus spots on the face often left permanent scars known as pockmarks.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Smallpox was known to the ancient peoples of China, India, and Egypt. Pharaoh Ramses V died of it in 1157 BC. It spread wherever large numbers of people moved, and it was a very serious problem in cities where people lived close together. It first reached Europe in the fifth century, and it was one of the leading causes of death in the 16th and 17th centuries. It was brought to the Americas many times during that period, first by the Spanish conquerors and later by African slaves, where it wiped out many native American populations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Hindu god Krishna is believed to have loved milkmaids because of their beautiful, unscarred, complexions. Milkmaids, of course, spent a lot of time around cows, which are carriers of cowpox, a virus similar to the smallpox virus. In 1796 the British physician, Edward Jenner, after noting that milkmaids were spared the smallpox, demonstrated that if he infected the skin of someone with the scab of a cowpox sore, that person would not get smallpox. This was the beginning of vaccination. During the next 130 years, the practice of vaccination was gradually adopted by health workers in all parts of the world, but the disease still survived in many places where not enough people were vaccinated. Smallpox :: essays research papers Smallpox   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Smallpox was a disease that was caused by a virus. The virus spread when an uninfected person came in direct contact with a sick person and breathed in the virus. Usually, the virus was in tiny drops that were coughed up by the sick person. After about two weeks the infected person would develop a high fever and muscle aches and pains. After about three days of fever the person would break out in a rash all over his or her body. At first it looked like red spots, but these spots gradually became blisters that were about the size of a pencil eraser. After about five days of rash, the fluid in the clear blisters turned to pus. The more pus spots that a person had, the more likely he or she was to die.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There were two main types of a smallpox virus. Variola major, which killed about 20 percent of the people who were infected and variola minor, which killed about 2 percent of its victims. If a person did not die, the pus gradually dried up to form scabs that dropped off after one or two weeks. The pus spots on the face often left permanent scars known as pockmarks.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Smallpox was known to the ancient peoples of China, India, and Egypt. Pharaoh Ramses V died of it in 1157 BC. It spread wherever large numbers of people moved, and it was a very serious problem in cities where people lived close together. It first reached Europe in the fifth century, and it was one of the leading causes of death in the 16th and 17th centuries. It was brought to the Americas many times during that period, first by the Spanish conquerors and later by African slaves, where it wiped out many native American populations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Hindu god Krishna is believed to have loved milkmaids because of their beautiful, unscarred, complexions. Milkmaids, of course, spent a lot of time around cows, which are carriers of cowpox, a virus similar to the smallpox virus. In 1796 the British physician, Edward Jenner, after noting that milkmaids were spared the smallpox, demonstrated that if he infected the skin of someone with the scab of a cowpox sore, that person would not get smallpox. This was the beginning of vaccination. During the next 130 years, the practice of vaccination was gradually adopted by health workers in all parts of the world, but the disease still survived in many places where not enough people were vaccinated.

General Giap Essay

General Vo Nguyen Giap is perhaps the most important figure in the early history of communist Vietnam with the exception of Ho Chi Minh. General Giap’s skills and expertise of were an essential element of the French defeat in 1954. However General Giap cannot be held solely responsible, the political skills of Ho Chi Minh (the leader of the Viet Minh independence movement) cannot be underestimated. There were many reasons for the French defeat in Vietnam, abundant mistakes were made and the Viet Minh were lead by two of the greatest leaders of the 20th century. Giap rchestrated the defeat of the French and was particularly important in the battle of Dien Bien Phu. Ho Chi Minh was an experienced revolutionary and passionate nationalist infatuated by a single goal: independence for his country. He was a central fgure in the movement to free Asia from the restraints of colonialism. Ho Chi Minh was ultimately working towards the liberation of Vietnam from French colonial rule and â€Å"unity of views between the army and the people†. Ho Chi Minh was a founding member of the Indochinese Communist Party (ICP). The goals of the ICP included the overthrow of the French; establishment of an independent Vietnam uled by a peoples’ government; â€Å"help people in production, anti-literacy, sanitation and disease prevention†. General Giap was the Commander and Defence Minister of North Vietnam from 1944-1980 and was an integral component in the unravelling of French control in Vietnam. Previously, on the outbreak of World War II, Giap fled to China to Join Vietnamese Communist leader Ho Chi Minh, which led to the formation of the Vietnamese Independence League, abbreviated to Viet Minh. In 1945, armed propaganda teams under Giap’s command became the People’s Liberation Army. Subsequently in 1945, Giap served as interior minister in Ho Chi Minh’s revolutionary government created to defeat the French. Giap’s strength lay as a military commander and his scrupulous attention to organisation, which were vital elements in the French downfall. The Vietnamese opposition to the French began almost as soon as the French began to rule. The Vietnamese traditionally have resisted foreigners. Their defeat of China previously gave them a reputation of being one of the most feared nations in South East Asia, meaning that it took the French an extended amount of time to gain overall control. Prior to the 20th century, resistance to the French was constant and violent. The resistance was traditional and localised, involving isolated attacks which were easily contained by the French. Furthermore, World War One gave impetus and momentum to the growth of nationalism, the strong wish for growth, freedom and independence of one’s country and patriotism for Vietnam. Many Vietnamese men were forced to serve in France during WW1 and those who returned brought with them the revolutionary concept of nationalism and as a result the nature of the resistance changed to a more national approach rather than regionally focussed. Additionally, in 1905, Japan became the first Asian power in modern times to efeat a European power during a large naval battle. The Vietnamese determination and motivation were boosted, demonstrating that they could potentially defeat the French, one ot the most intluential European powers at the time. Following the reoccupation of Indochina by the French at the end of World War Two, the Viet Minh rebelled against the French and this became known as the first Indochinese war. French lack of knowledge of Vietnamese geography made it difficult for them to defend themselves. â€Å"The army trained the people in†¦ † guerrilla tactics that were highly successful as they were unlike any approach in the Western world. The unpredictable nature of the guerrilla tactics also minimised the losses of the Viet Minh’s army, making it stronger. The French army began to wear down, decreasing the men’s morale and eventually leading to an easier fght for the Viet Minh. Initially the French underestimated Vietnamese ability; unbeknown to the French they were numerically disadvantaged with 13000 Frenchmen fghting a 35000 strong Viet Minh People’s Army. Prior to the war it was acknowledged that Ho Chi Minh’s original name, Nguyen Tat Thanh, was widely known as many people had heard that he had been a ajor supporter of peasants and workers rights, who in turn supported him. This meant that if he needed a place to hide, the local peasants happily helped, making the Viet Minh virtually untraceable. The widespread support of Ho Chi Minh also meant that people trusted the movement towards independence and nationalism; giving the Viet Minh the political edge over the French. Back in France, the French public were beginning to realise that the conflict in Vietnam was not worth the effort; therefore support for the conflict was lessening. In addition, the Vietnamese determination and strength could not be matched by the French; the Viet Minh had ne thing that the French did not, a goal. The Viet Minh and Giap had learnt invaluable lessons from previous conflicts and mistakes, whereas the French had not. Dien Bien Phu was the longest confrontation and most furious battle of the French Expeditionary Corps. It was the final undoing of the French. In 1953, as both sides prepared for peace talks in the Indochina War, French military commanders selected Dien Bien Phu as the location for a fght with the Viet Minh. Viet Minh guerrillas and troops from the People’s Army of Vietnam surrounded Dien Bien Phu during the build up of the garrisons. The Viet Minh concealed artillery and supplies in camouflaged caves on the mountain face. The Viet Minh’s initial assault on the French almost immediately proved the vulnerability and flawed defence of the French. The French supplies and weapons were flown in by plane; however, this usually led to the shelling of the aircraft. The Viet Minh used local peasants to bring in supplies and weaponry, through dense forests, an entry the French had written off as impassable. As source A suggests â€Å"The Army established a good relationship with the people and relied on the people to fight and defeat the enemy’. Giap used the element of surprise by skilfully employing supporting operations which deceived the French. Giap easily identified the French’s critical vulnerability and used their mistakes to his own advantage. The work of a great strategist. One crucial decision that Giap made was when he moved his own headquarters to the Dien Bien Phu battle site. This allowed him to personally oversee the conflict, and clear up confusion or misunderstandings straight away. General Giap was able to carefully dictate time and place engagements throughout his meticulously planned operation. The heavy

Fedex Case - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1360 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/09/15 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Describe FedEx’s corporate philosophy and explain how FedEx’s systems fit in the context of its corporate philosophy. FedEx’s corporate philosophy People-Service-Profit (P-S-P) philosophy: relied heavily on management’s ability to create an environment that encouraged and allowed people to choose to deliver superior service. i. Believed customer satisfaction begins with employee satisfaction. James Barksdale aware that keeping the promise to customers required employees to work harder = â€Å"People first† philosophy ii. Attention to quality service emerged early in FedEx’s history:- 1. 1975: â€Å"Federal Express. Twice as Good as the Best in the Business. † 2. 1970s: service was measured by percentage of overnight deliveries that were made on time 3. 1980s: FedEx managers concluded that high service percentages would not sufficient in the future To strike the best movement toward 100% customer satisfaction. (as Frederick Smith mentioned – â€Å"The first time you tolerate anything other than a movement toward 100% customer satisfaction, you’re on the road to mediocrity. i. It attains this philosophy from both focus and broad views. It is broad in that it covers all the areas from Leadership, Information Technology, Human Resource Utilization, Quality Assurance of Products and Services, Quality Results and finally, Customer Satisfaction. It is focus in a sense that it excels in all these areas. FedEx was the first company to win in the service category in 1990, since th e award was established in 1988 – Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award (MBNQA), with 160,000 requests altogether. i. FedEx only recognized the highest rating of â€Å"completely satisfied† as an acceptable level of customer satisfaction in its Customer satisfaction surveys, aligned its measurement improvement towards its goal of 100% complete customer satisfaction. FedEx Quality =Productivity philosophy Recognized the correlation between doing things right the first time and productivity: good relationship between customers and suppliers The ways FedEx’s systems fit in the context of its corporate philosophy In 1980s it adopted quality-improvement process (QIP) to support P-S-P i. Recognized the correlation between doing things right the first time and productivity (quality = productivity) ii. Defined quality service not in statistical terms, but as performance to the standards of the customer: 100% satisfaction ? FedEx implemented â€Å"quality-improvemen t programs† in 1990 even at tough economic times – with oil prices had more than doubled between August and December 1990. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Fedex Case" essay for you Create order This could reflect the persistence in aligning the corporate philosophy of the management. As support to its â€Å"quality-improvement† philosophy, by mid-1987, FedEx selected consulting firm – Organizational Dynamics Incorporated (ODI) at times when FedEx struggling with problems internally (rapid growth in overnight service) to initiate a companywide education program on quality, focused more on the thought processes in quality improvement. i. Led workshops for senior vice-presidents and managing directors ii. Trained managers to facilitate workshops for employees As support to its â€Å"quality-improvement† philosophy, it implemented framework of ideas in the modules above, it set up â€Å"quality action teams† (QAT) – to help employees to change the way they did their job i. FADE framework: Focus - Analyze - Develop - Execute ii. Extensive training given to QAT members iii. Focused on small, incremental changes Outcomes: i. Creative solutions t hrough employee involvement and careful analysis. E. g. devised mnemonic devices to help new employees remember the abbreviations for destination cities, saved estimated US$3 million in training costs ii. Cultivate a culture of continuous improvement – constantly changing the system to improve the service to customers As support to its â€Å"quality-improvement† philosophy, in late 1980s it set up â€Å"service quality indicators† (SQI), to give customer satisfaction measurement with weight and points assigned to every package with refer to list of all things that could go wrong with an overnight delivery. The number was then combined from each customer complaint, for tracking, comparing and communicating to every employee in daily basis. As support to its â€Å"quality-improvement† philosophy, Customer satisfaction surveys on both general and segmented studies were conducted. Quarterly, customer satisfaction study was conducted by phone across FedEx’s four main market segments with a five-point satisfaction scale. It also utilized targeted customer satisfaction studies to gather more feedback from customers. As support to its â€Å"quality-improv ement† philosophy, it carried out Customer / Supplier Alignment (CSA) process for internal service. i. One party listed and ranked the ten most important services that party provided to his or her internal customer ii. That same party listed how well he or she supplied the customer’s needs, thereby rating his or her own performance iii. The other party went through the same process ? CSA also uses between employees and managers As support to its â€Å"people first† philosophy, set up ‘guaranteed fair treatment procedure’. A three-step process that gives employees access to upper management within 21 working days. As support to its â€Å"people first† and â€Å"quality-improvement† philosophy, Survey Feedback Action was used to solicit employee feedback. i. Total involvement of everyone makes people committed ii. Measurement of quality on leadership iii. Continuous improvement which look for ways to correct or prevent problems As support to its â€Å"people first† and â€Å"P-S-P† philosophies, Leadership Evaluation Awareness Process (LEAP) was set up to evaluate, consider and guide potential managers about the challenges connected with leading people. Innovative and Risk Taking culture: As support to its â€Å"quality-improvement† philosophy, FedEx fostered a culture that stimulated innovation and created a workplace to encourage the motivated people to innovate and dare to take risk. And to align with its â€Å"people first† philosophy, FedEx had a no-layoff policy, which secured employee’s jobs and enabled its employee to take risk. 1. How has FedEx used information technology to provide 100% customer service? COSMOS (Customer, Operations, Service, Master On-line System) Every package that entered the FedEx system was tracked by a central computer system, with worldwide network transmitting customer information to and receiving it in a central database. The system was continuously updated with new information about package movements, customer pickups, invoices, and deliveries. Supertracker The overnight package was tagged with a10-digit bar code, as a protocol to transmit information from courier’s hand-held computer to COSMOS. Digitally assisted dispatch system Each courier van was equipped with the dispatch system with interactive screens in their vans. The system communicated to approximately 30,000 couriers through the network. Powership FedEx provided a computerized shipping management system (Powership) to allow customer to print air bills for programmed addresses, download transactions to FedEx, manage accounts receivable, and track packages through COSMOS. Central to the P-S-P philosophy and FedEx’s success:- ? COSMOS: allowed customer-service representatives to handle customer enquiries with confidence ? Dispatch system: ensured a quick response to delivery and pick-up requests ? Powership: give customer accurate and timely information free of charge ? Supertracker: made itself indispensable to overnight vendor with such a complete distribution solution Other areas that FedEx probably utilize information technology One of the examination categories / items was â€Å"Information and Analysis† for getting the MBNQA award in 1990, which required â€Å"Scope and management of quality data and information† and â€Å"Analysis of quality data and information†. These two areas are obviously achieved by integrating Information Technology to enable its business running. Through continuous improvement – enhancing the systems so that customer requests could be handled in a shorter cycle. e. g. rom processing 10% yesterday and 90% the day before mails to schedule 100% of today’s mail to be processed today. Customer complaints were logged since early 1980s and the information was used in internal evaluations of systems. To keep the list of things that could go wrong with points and weights, and to record the points and weight of every complaint for â€Å"service quality indicators† (SQI) implementatio n. The system then combined the figures from each customer complaint for tracking, comparing with projections and communicating to every employee in daily basis. The results of all the customer satisfaction surveys were complied to identify trends, allow for customer segmentation to a meaning level, and to provide a detailed measure of service attributes. Employee support systems to record the complaints from employees with built-in work flow and schedule for management reviews A system was created to record the employee survey questions and feedback actions, for continuous improvement. It charged work groups with examining management’s effectiveness, which relates to the bonus managers can get.

Impact Of Globalization On Developing Countries - 1752 Words

What are the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats presented to a developing country by globalisation? Over the past two decades people all over the world have become closer than before. Goods and services that appear in a country will be immediately promoted in the others. This phenomenon is called globalisation. Globalisation at its simplest can be seen as the increase of international trade and services, the greater movement of labour and capital flows, the improvement in communication and transport as well as the growth of multi-national companies. The impact of globalisation on developing countries varies. Some think that it is a good process which helps to reduce poverty and inequality and others like Nelson Mandela see it as â€Å"Where globalisation means, as it so often does, that the rich and powerful now have new means to further enrich and empower themselves at the cost of the poorer and weaker†. In other words, globalisation served just the developed countries. A developing country is a nation with a lower standard of living, underdeveloped industrial base and low human development index. A good example of developing country is China. We will see the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that globalisation has presented to China. One of the strengths globalisation has presented to certain developing countries is the fact that it has taken them out of poverty. Indeed, China has become an industrialised country due to its cheap labour.Show MoreRelatedGlobalization And Its Impact On Developing Countries872 Words   |  4 PagesGlobalization can be defined as an intensive form of worldwide interconnectedness that facilitates the flow of capital, humans, commodities, technology, information, symbols and values due to the advancement worldwide systems of transport and communication. Globalization has created new opportunities for developing countries such as, technology, greater opportunities to access markets, increase in growth and improved living standards. Despite the fact that it has been beneficial for the world economyRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On Developing Countries2029 Words   |  9 PagesGlobalization has played a key role in our world and continues to be an integral and inescapable part of t he lives of every single individual today. In this paper, I argue that globalization has had a negative impact on developing countries, specifically increasing poverty as well as negatively affecting employment, safety of women, gender inequality and wage-gaps. First we must define important terms such as globalization and developing countries. 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Personal Narrative My Life Purpose Essay - 1053 Words

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Legal and Ethical Issues In Healthcare

Question: Discuss about the Legal and Ethical Issues In Healthcare. Answer: Introduction Undoubtedly, the law and ethics of practice play a crucial part in the decision-making ability of a person, be it a patient or a healthcare practitioner. Consequently, individuals possess rights to make decisions that affect their health. However, competencies or lack of the capacity to make decisions may serve as a barring factor, and someone can be considered unfit to make his or her decisions. This paper encompasses the identification and the discussion of the legal as well as the ethical issues presented in the case study. It discusses options that are available to ensure that treatment is provided when a patient is not in a better position to make decisions. Legal Issues It is evident that the management of healthcare always presents complex situations especially when the capability of a person to be treated to engage in decision making is called into question (Pozgar, 2016). Edwards case is different because he had refused to be treated for a viral infection before becoming unconscious. As such, the paramedics were legally forced to institute treatment since it was an emergency situation and the requests to initiate psychiatric consultation for purposes of assessing Edwards capacity could not be performed when he was in a diabetic coma. The actions of the paramedics were guided by the legal authority that states that the healthcare professionals ought to come up with a feeling that a patient or client who rejects a particular type of recommended treatments is in a way incompetent until the doctors or a court proves otherwise (Forester-Miller Davis, 1995). Consequently, it is not the refusal to treatment that has the ability to determine a patient's capacity to decide, but the right to self-determination that matters in treatment (Ulrich, 2001). However, the paramedics had to do what was legally acceptable to save Edwards life, and as a result invoked the principle of implied consent in emergent situations such as his by surrogating (Ashcroft, 2007). The elements of this consent exist such as the nature of a medical procedure or decision. It is s primary goal of any healthcare center to ensure that patients are given an opportunity during the consultation periods to make informed choices before the start of treatment. This element requires that analysis is done on the nature of the decision involved in a surgical operation. It is a requirement to check if patient's decision to decline treatment before the occurrence of an emergent situation is valid or not. The other element of this consent revolves around the search for a reasonable alternative that may lead to the invocation of applied consent to be the only proposed intervention. As such, an aspect that entails the comprehension of relevant risks, and uncertainties as well as benefits that may lead to the betterment of patient in critical condition. Although the case study of Edwards condition brings about mixed reactions, it is evident that the element understanding together with acceptance of an intervention of treatment could not be relied on after discovering that he showed no signs of recovering from fatal brain injury. For the case of implied consent, the paramedics who were responsible for Edwards care are obligated to make a decision on how best the commencement of the treatment could be done using the legal authority that employs the principle of best interests. The National Health Act permits medical treatment for an emergency situation to foster the prevention of death or causing permanent damage to the health of the client (Gillon, 2003). Health care practitioners are not allowed to provide treatment to a patient before the informed consent is first obtained because the act has legal consequences that may impact the careers of physicians (Satyanarayana, 2008). The legal consequences that flow when a practitioner breaches the policy of informed consent involve being sued upon the realization that no informed consent was obtained before the start of treatment. A health care practitioner is usually sued for medical battery, which is considered as a purely legal issue that is associated closely with the application of effective treatment for someone who is unwilling. A medical battery is usual referred to offensive touching when no consent or permission has been sought. The other legal consequences that come with the application when no consent was obtained before the start of medical treatment is the suing of a physician for medical malpractice, and this may lead the provider's license to be suspended. Since Edward is unresponsive, the rationale that can be used is that which values the life of a patient. It is usually the work of the medical practitioners to maintain confidentiality to ensure that no information about the patient leaks to other people (Beauchamp Childress, 2001). Since situations may turn out to be critical at times and the situation on the ground is life-threatening, treatment has to be done with immediate effect to ensure the patient is treated to stabilize his or her conditions (Limerick, 2007). As such, quick actions must be done to make sure that the relevant people are contacted in case the situation presents nothing useful to indicate that a patient can recover from a diabetic coma, and in the next minute provide full informed consent. The rationale is to be thoughtful of what should be done as options for the dilemma (Klvemark et al., 2004). In essence, an evaluation of the available alternatives to standing in the place of the first one is the rationale that works in this scenario. Medical practitioners have access to a number of options that can be practically utilized to obtain consent to facilitate Edwards ongoing treatment. Evidently, some circumstances require the listing of the next of keen based on what the state law would recommend. Therefore, health care professionals have an obligation to get to know the people who are intimately related to him and can be relied upon in the decision-making process. As such, there is a specific hierarchy that must be followed to enhance the appropriate decision-making process to obtain consent before the beginning of a medical treatment procedure. For this case, Una can be called upon to assist in giving out informed consent. The effectiveness of the process would be apparent by her willingness or ability to understand the procedures to be undertaken. When she fails to understand the actual processes, Genevieve can come in to help with the matter at hand without interfering with the operation of giving consent for his unresponsive husband. If no surrogate is settled on, health care practitioners might be forced to act using the principle of best interests until the court intervenes to appoint a guardian who will help with informed consent. The legal authority that can be relied upon is that of Potential Surrogates and Priority. This is based on the reason that statutory provisions provide a toolkit that addresses the person with a potential of acting as a proxy for an unresponsive patient such as Edward. It is the ultimate cause of action for the healthcare practitioners to provide a definitive answer in cases where there exist two substitute surrogates or even more who have the potential of providing a consent regarding what should be done to a patient who is unresponsive or lacks the capacity of making decisions (Leo, 2017). The availability of legal issues that can be undertaken in realizing a definitive solution makes the entire process to be successful. As such, the legal options will begin by first designating a hierarchy since it is the only primary strategy that can be incorporated to find consent that wasnt clear due to disagreements between two or more surrogates. This approach will rely on the policy that those who are lower in the hierarchy do not stand a chance in situations like this to overrule a surrogate who is authorized by skipping judicial proceedings. One of the option that can be implemented in circumstances where there are multiple surrogates involves allowing the healthcare providers to depend more on what the majority of the potentially relevant surrogates settled on during the process of obtaining consent before the disputes erupted (Morrison Monagle, 2009). In essence, a definitive answer has to be deprived in a situation like this because judicial interventions assist in resolving the disagreements even in the absence of provided provisions. Medically, the decision to enhance the withdrawal of life-sustaining measures is quite difficult to reach because it may be considered to be culturally repulsive. One of the factors that need to be taken into account is the level of acceptance that has been collectively reached (Elwyn et al., 2012). This depends on the seen benefits of the life-sustaining measures, and the decision must be arrived at by the family and the clinicians (Tilden et al., 2001). This factor is used after noticing the fact that the Edward is undeniably and unquestionably gaining no benefits from the measures of life-sustenance proposedly to be withdrawn. The other factor that can be used to foster the withdrawal of Edward's life-sustaining measures is that which involves a realized stabilized medical condition. This is because if a state of a patient is stable to a level that no further signs of improvements is expected; the decision can be reached at by both the healthcare professionals and the family to wi thdraw the measures (Danis et al., 1991). Ethical Issues Ethical issues in healthcare play a pivotal role in enhancing medical treatment in hospitals. As such, one of the ethical principles that are relevant in this scenario is the principle of autonomy. In particular, this moral principle stands for the proposal or proposition that adults with the ability to make informed decisions possess complete as well as the perfect rights to influence what treatment can be done with their bodies. This is in reference to the declaration on bioethics as well as human rights, and it is a principle that has universal recognition in ethical practice in healthcare. As such, Edwards case relies on this principle since it is his unresponsiveness or the lack of the capacity to make decisions due to the diabetic coma that calls for the invitation of his family to provide informed consent on his behalf legally. It is evident from the case study that Edward had in the previous days refused the treatment of the viral infection, which the ethical principle of aut onomy accepts but now his emergent condition made it hard for him to give his informed consent before treatment. Similarly, the other principle that applies to the facts in this scenario is that of beneficence. This applies in the scenario by promoting healthcare benefits to a patient who is unresponsive or in a diabetic coma. This ethical code disregards all the others and makes the healthcare practitioners act using what they view to be of "best interest." However, a conflict between the above principles can arise when the clinicians decide to perform first aid on a patient in an emergent situation. The principle of beneficence could have been applied to resuscitate a diabetic coma, but because the principle of autonomy makes it difficult for the healthcare professionals to make decisions since Edward had previously refused to seek medical treatment yet treatment was provided without his own consent. This is because the patient may have had own ideas that he views beneficial his health. As such, scenarios that differ in intensity with this one requires that clinicians involve patients in dialogue to enhance the realization of the most appropriate treatment after obtaining informed consent without coercion. As such, the other stakeholders in the scenario such as Edwards wife can try to use what her husband had said in the earlier conservation about treatment. Conflicts of ethical practices are best solved using the modified version of Kerridge, Stewart, and Lowes (2013) model in problem-solving to address the disputes accordingly. Evidently, the model involves the application of critical thinking in addressing the steps that finally determines the cause of action (Kerridge et al., 2013). For this case, the first thing to be done to solve the ethical conflict starts with the identification of a problem. It involves precisely stating what the ethical issue is, after which the code of ethics that governs healthcare practitioners is applied (Pera Van, 2005). Subsequently, the nature, as well as the dimension of the conflicts, is determined to demonstrate the most preferred side that works to benefit the patient. After analyzing the situation of a patient involved in scenarios where the principle of autonomy is bridged, the healthcare providers will do the generation of all the potential courses of action. However, before the full incorporati on, an evaluation of the chosen cause of action is done, upon which its implementation is later performed. As such, the conflict can be solved by taking into consideration the idea that medical treatment is done according to the best interests of a person. As such, the practitioners are legally allowed to justify their actions by evaluating whether it is the best judgment to forego the principle of autonomy and do what is critical to the current condition of a patient. Conclusion This paper has discussed and identified the legal as well as the ethical issues that are evident in the case study. Ethics and laws are crucial in guiding the healthcare practitioners to provide medical treatment to patients in a way that cannot result in the infringement of patients' rights. Various legal and ethical issues arise in Edward's case since he had in the preceding days refused to seek medical attention. But when found unconscious and unresponsive, an analysis of his condition is analyzed, and treatment is provided by the paramedics without his own consent. This is because the practitioners have several options to treat a patient such as that of finding surrogates or substitutes who can provide consent on Edward's behalf. However, there are occasions where disagreement occurs between two or more of such surrogates and the jurisdiction to be implemented involves considering the hierarchy of the substitutes when a patient is not in a capacity to make critical decisions of a given health procedure. References Ashcroft, R. E. (2007). Principles of health care ethics. Chichester, West Sussex, England: John Wiley Sons. Beauchamp, T. L., Childress, J. F. (2001). Principles of biomedical ethics. Oxford [u.a.: Oxford Univ. Press. Danis, M., Southerland, L. I., Garrett, J. M., Smith, J. L., Hielema, F., Pickard, C. G., ... Patrick, D. L. (1991). A prospective study of advance directives for life-sustaining care. New England Journal of Medicine, 324(13), 882-888. Elwyn, G., Frosch, D., Thomson, R., Joseph-Williams, N., Lloyd, A., Kinnersley, P., ... Edwards, A. (2012). Shared decision making: a model for clinical practice. Journal of general internal medicine, 27(10), 1361-1367. Forester-Miller, H., Davis, T. E. (1995). A practitioner's guide to ethical decision making. Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association. Gillon, R. (2003). Ethics needs principlesfour can encompass the restand respect for autonomy should be first among equals. Journal of medical ethics, 29(5), 307-312. Klvemark, S., Hglund, A. T., Hansson, M. G., Westerholm, P., Arnetz, B. (2004). Living with conflicts-ethical dilemmas and moral distress in the health care system. Social science medicine, 58(6), 1075-1084. Kerridge, I., Lowe, M., Stewart, C. (2013). Ethics and law for the health professions. Leo, R. (2017). Competency and the Capacity to Make Treatment Decisions: A Primer for Primary Care Physicians. PubMed Central (PMC). Retrieved 11 April 2017, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC181079/ Limerick, M. H. (2007). The process used by surrogate decision makers to withhold and withdraw life-sustaining measures in an intensive care environment. In Oncology nursing forum (Vol. 34, No. 2). Morrison, E. E., Monagle, J. F. (2009). Health care ethics: Critical issues for the 21st century. Sudbury, Mass: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Pera, S. A., Van, T. S. (2005). Ethics in health care. Lansdowne, South Africa: Juta. Pozgar, G. D. (2016). Legal and ethical issues for health professionals. Satyanarayana Rao, K. (2008). Informed consent: An ethical obligation or legal compulsion?. Journal Of Cutaneous And Aesthetic Surgery, 1(1), 33. https://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-2077.41159 Tilden, V. P., Tolle, S. W., Nelson, C. A., Fields, J. (2001). Family decision-making to withdraw life-sustaining treatments from hospitalized patients. Nursing research, 50(2), 105-115. Ulrich, L. P. (2001). The patient self-determination act: Meeting the challenges in patient care. Georgetown University Press.